June 19th


1269: King Louis IX of France orders all Jews found in public without an identifying yellow badge to be fined ten livres of silver... or sent to live with Helen Thomas.


1586: English colonists leave Roanoke Island, N.C., after failing to establish enough exclusive clubs and schools none of them could get into.


1870: The Confederate States of America ceases to exist, it is resurrected 80 years later as NASCAR.